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The Vestibular System

The Vestibular System

The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.

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Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients

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2BALANCE: a cognitive-motor dual-task protocol for individuals with vestibular dysfunction.

Maya Danneels¹, Ruth Van Hecke², Laura Leyssens²

¹Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium maya.danneels@ugent.be.

|July 16, 2020

Summary

Vestibular dysfunction impacts cognition and motor skills, often assessed in daily life using dual-tasking. The 2BALANCE protocol evaluates cognitive-motor interference in individuals with vestibular loss.

Keywords:

adult neurology adult otolaryngology audiology neurotology protocols & guidelines

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Audiology
Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

Vestibular dysfunction commonly causes cognitive and motor deficits beyond vertigo.
Current assessments in single-task settings may not reflect real-world functional limitations.
Dual-tasking, combining cognitive and motor activities, better simulates daily activities.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of vestibular dysfunction on cognitive and motor performance during dual-tasking.
To introduce and validate the 2BALANCE dual-task protocol for assessing cognitive-motor interference.
To enhance clinical care for vestibular patients by considering both single and dual-task abilities.

Main Methods:

The 2BALANCE protocol integrates static and dynamic postural tasks with cognitive assessments (visuospatial, processing speed, working memory, response inhibition).
Test-retest reliability will be established in healthy young adults.
The protocol will be validated in patients with bilateral and unilateral vestibular loss.

Main Results:

N/A (Pre-results phase)

Conclusions:

The 2BALANCE protocol offers a more ecologically valid assessment of functional deficits in vestibular disorders.
This approach can lead to more individualized and comprehensive patient care.
Understanding dual-task performance is crucial for managing the complex effects of vestibular dysfunction.