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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Effect of Anti-c-fms Antibody on Osteoclast Formation and Proliferation of Osteoclast Precursor In Vitro
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Effect of Anti-c-fms Antibody on Osteoclast Formation and Proliferation of Osteoclast Precursor In Vitro

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CSF-1 in Osteocytes Inhibits Nox4-mediated Oxidative Stress and Promotes Normal Bone Homeostasis.

Sherry L Werner1, Ramaswamy Sharma2, Kathleen Woodruff1

  • 1Department of Pathology University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio TX USA.

JBMR Plus
|July 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) protects osteocytes from death by reducing oxidative stress via Nox4. This finding reveals a new mechanism for maintaining bone health and preventing age-related bone loss.

Keywords:
ANIMAL MODELBONE REMODELINGCOLONY STIMULATING FACTOR‐1NOX4OSTEOCYTES

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A Fluorescent Intravital Imaging Approach to Study Load-Induced Calcium Signaling Dynamics in Mouse Osteocytes
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Effect of Anti-c-fms Antibody on Osteoclast Formation and Proliferation of Osteoclast Precursor In Vitro
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A Fluorescent Intravital Imaging Approach to Study Load-Induced Calcium Signaling Dynamics in Mouse Osteocytes
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Area of Science:

  • Bone Biology and Skeletal Homeostasis
  • Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Bone Remodeling
  • Oxidative Stress and Aging

Background:

  • Osteocytes are crucial for bone remodeling, and their survival is vital for skeletal health.
  • Oxidative stress and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to osteocyte death and age-related bone loss.
  • Colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) is implicated in bone remodeling, and its role in osteocyte survival under oxidative stress is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of CSF-1 in osteocyte survival and function.
  • To determine the relationship between CSF-1, oxidative stress (Nox4-derived ROS), and osteocyte apoptosis.
  • To explore potential therapeutic strategies for age-related bone loss by targeting the CSF-1/Nox4 pathway.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized global CSF-1 knockout (CSF-1KO) mice and osteocyte-specific CSF-1 conditional knockout (CSF-1cKO) mice.
  • Assessed osteocyte viability, intracellular ROS levels, NADPH oxidase activity, Nox4 expression, and apoptosis markers (e.g., 4-HNE).
  • Investigated the effects of CSF-1 manipulation and Nox4 knockdown/overexpression on osteocyte apoptosis and bone remodeling parameters.

Main Results:

  • CSF-1 knockout in osteocytes led to increased apoptosis, elevated Nox4 expression, and higher ROS levels.
  • CSF-1 treatment inhibited Nox4 expression and reduced apoptosis signals in osteocytes.
  • Osteocyte-specific CSF-1 deficiency in CSF-1cKO mice mirrored CSF-1KO phenotypes, resulting in impaired bone remodeling and decreased bone mass.
  • Nox4 knockdown ameliorated apoptosis in CSF-1KO osteocytes, while Nox4 overexpression induced apoptosis in wild-type osteocytes.

Conclusions:

  • CSF-1 plays a critical role in maintaining osteocyte survival and function by suppressing Nox4-derived ROS.
  • A novel link between CSF-1, oxidative stress, and osteocyte homeostasis is identified, crucial for regulating bone remodeling.
  • Targeting the CSF-1/Nox4 pathway offers a potential therapeutic avenue for improving skeletal health and combating age-related bone loss.