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Related Concept Videos

Van de Graaff Generator01:15

Van de Graaff Generator

Van de Graaff generators (or Van de Graaffs) are devices used to demonstrate high voltage due to static electricity that can also be used for research. Robert Van de Graaff first built one in 1931 (based on original suggestions by Lord Kelvin) for use in nuclear physics research.
Van de Graaff uses both smooth and pointed surfaces, conductors, and insulators to generate large static charges and, hence, large voltages. A substantial excess charge can be deposited on the sphere because it moves...

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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
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High-power structured laser modes: direct generation of a vortex array.

Y F Chen, H T Ke, Y C Tseng

    Optics Letters
    |July 16, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers generated vortex array laser modes using cavity astigmatism, achieving 300 mW output. The study reveals the Gouy phase

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Laser Physics

    Background:

    • Astigmatism in optical cavities can induce frequency degeneracy.
    • Vortex beams carry orbital angular momentum and have diverse applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To exploit frequency degeneracy for generating vortex array laser modes.
    • To theoretically and numerically investigate the formation of these modes.

    Main Methods:

    • Derivation of the wave function using the inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation.
    • Theoretical analysis of the Gouy phase's role.
    • Numerical simulations to study thermal lensing effects.

    Main Results:

    • Vortex array laser modes generated with output power up to 300 mW.
    • Theoretical wave function confirms the Gouy phase's role in vortex array formation.
    • Thermal lensing enhances transverse mode order with increased pump power.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed method efficiently generates structured vortex beams.
    • These laser modes show potential for applications requiring structured vortex beams.