Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Circulating and brain-resident memory CD8+ T cells seed distinct bystander T <sub>RM</sub> -like populations in glioblastoma.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Heterogeneity and plasticity of the naive CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell compartment.

Cell reports·2026

Same author

The immunology of vitiligo.

Nature reviews. Immunology·2026

Same author

Anti-PD-L2 immunotherapy is efficacious against melanoma in aged hosts through IL-17 and IFNγ signalling.

Nature communications·2025

Same author

Intratumoral expression of IL-12 and CD40 ligand (CD154) from plasmids generates antitumor responses that eliminate tumoral T regs.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Same author

Intratumoral expression of IL-12 and CD40 ligand (CD154) from plasmids generates antitumor responses that eliminate tumoral T regs.

Scientific reports·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Generation of Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumors and Ex vivo Characterization of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cell Cytotoxicity

Generation of Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumors and Ex vivo Characterization of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cell Cytotoxicity

Published on: December 7, 2019

Oncogenes Feed Treg Cells without Calling CD8s to the Table.

Nikhil Khatwani¹, Mary Jo Turk²

¹Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.

|July 16, 2020

Summary

Tumor cells create fatty acids, starving effector T cells and helping regulatory T (Treg) cells thrive. This study reveals how to reverse this metabolic imbalance for better anti-tumor immunity.

More Related Videos

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells

Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells

Published on: January 3, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Generation of Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumors and Ex vivo Characterization of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cell Cytotoxicity

Generation of Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumors and Ex vivo Characterization of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cell Cytotoxicity

Published on: December 7, 2019

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells

Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells

Published on: January 3, 2025

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cancer Biology
Metabolism

Background:

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are crucial for immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment.
The metabolic requirements of Treg cells in noninflamed tumors are not fully understood.
Understanding Treg cell metabolism can reveal new therapeutic targets.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the metabolic support of Treg cells in noninflamed tumors.
To determine how oncogene-driven metabolism affects T cell populations within tumors.
To identify strategies for overcoming metabolic advantages of Treg cells.

Main Methods:

Analysis of Treg cell metabolism in tumor models.
Investigating the role of fatty-acid synthesis in T cell competition.
Evaluating therapeutic interventions to restore T cell balance.

Main Results:

Oncogene-driven fatty-acid synthesis in tumor cells preferentially supports Treg cells over effector T cells.
This metabolic reprogramming creates an immunosuppressive environment.
Strategies targeting fatty-acid metabolism can rebalance T cell populations.

Conclusions:

Tumor metabolic reprogramming, specifically fatty-acid synthesis, creates a critical metabolic advantage for Treg cells.
This metabolic imbalance hinders anti-tumor immunity by suppressing effector T cells.
Modulating tumor fatty-acid metabolism represents a promising strategy to enhance anti-tumor immune responses.