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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

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Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
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Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
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[Tuberculosis: an ever present disease but difficult to prevent].

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Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health threat, causing millions of cases and deaths annually. Research is actively developing new vaccines beyond the current BCG, aiming for improved efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

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Area of Science:

  • * Infectious Diseases
  • * Immunology
  • * Vaccinology

Background:

  • * Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious airborne disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Koch's bacillus).
  • * Despite existing therapies, TB remains a leading cause of death, with over 9 million new cases and 1 million deaths yearly.
  • * The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, available since 1921, is the only authorized TB vaccine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the current landscape of experimental tuberculosis vaccines in development.
  • * To categorize novel vaccine candidates based on their composition and intended purpose.
  • * To highlight the ongoing efforts to improve TB vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • * Review of current research and development in TB vaccine technology.
  • * Classification of experimental vaccines by type (live attenuated, inactivated, subunit).
  • * Categorization of vaccines by their intended function (preventing infection, disease, recurrence, or therapeutic use).

Main Results:

  • * Over ten experimental TB vaccines are in various developmental stages.
  • * Vaccine candidates are diverse, including live attenuated, inactivated, and subunit approaches.
  • * Different vaccine strategies aim to prevent infection, disease, recurrence, or act as therapeutics.

Conclusions:

  • * Significant global efforts are underway to develop new and improved TB vaccines.
  • * The development pipeline includes a variety of vaccine types and target indications.
  • * The goal is to achieve greater immunogenicity and efficacy than current options to combat TB.