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Published on: September 12, 2018
Guidelines for the management of extravasation
Jung Tae Kim1, Jeong Yun Park2, Hyun Jung Lee1
1Department of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea.
Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions
|July 17, 2020
Summary
Preventing and managing extravasation, a complication of intravenous (IV) injections, is crucial. These guidelines detail immediate nursing interventions, thermal treatments, and continuous medical team education to reduce IV extravasation injuries.
Area of Science:
- Medical Practice Guidelines
- Patient Safety
- Intravenous Therapy
Background:
- Extravasation, the unintended leakage of IV fluids into surrounding tissues, can occur even with expert administration.
- It poses risks of tissue necrosis and requires specific management protocols.
- Understanding incidence, risk factors, and diagnostic criteria is essential for effective care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide evidence-based strategies for preventing extravasation during intravenous (IV) therapy.
- To outline comprehensive measures for managing extravasation injuries, particularly those involving tissue-necrotizing drugs.
- To enhance healthcare professionals' knowledge and preparedness for IV extravasation events.
Main Methods:
- Review of general knowledge on extravasation, including definition, incidence, risk factors, and diagnosis.
- Description of immediate nursing interventions: stopping infusion, aspirating residual drug, administering antidotes, and physician notification.
- Guidance on local thermal treatments (cooling/warming) as supportive care, with recommended application schedules.
Main Results:
- Immediate nursing actions are critical upon detecting extravasation.
- Local thermal applications (15-20 minutes every 4 hours for 24-48 hours) are standard supportive care, though definitive benefits are not fully established.
- Proactive prevention through healthcare team education and vigilant patient monitoring is emphasized.
Conclusions:
- Adherence to these practice guidelines is expected to decrease the incidence of extravasation.
- Effective management and prevention strategies are vital for improving patient outcomes and safety during IV therapy.
- Continuous education and preparedness of medical teams are key to minimizing extravasation risks.
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