Effect of recent antibacterial agents against bacteria causing diarrhoea

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Diarrhea remains a significant global health concern, often caused by bacterial pathogens.
• Antimicrobial resistance is a growing threat, necessitating regular surveillance of bacterial susceptibility patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of common bacterial diarrhea pathogens.
• To identify effective therapeutic agents against these isolates.

Main Methods:

• Agar dilution technique was employed to test 424 bacterial isolates.
• Isolates were tested against nine antibiotics: amoxicillin, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin.
• Bacterial species included Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Pleisomonas shigelloides, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Main Results:

• Fluorinated 4-quinolones (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin) and ceftriaxone demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activity.
• A significant proportion of the tested bacterial isolates exhibited resistance to amoxicillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, and doxycycline.
• Varied susceptibility patterns were observed across different bacterial species.

Conclusions:

• Ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and ceftriaxone are promising therapeutic options for bacterial diarrhea in the studied population.
• The widespread resistance to other tested antibiotics highlights the need for judicious antibiotic use and ongoing monitoring.