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Related Concept Videos

Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

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Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
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Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
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Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
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Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults
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Cobalamin Deficiency in the Elderly.

Giacomo Marchi1, Fabiana Busti1, Acaynne Lira Zidanes1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, EuroBloodNet Referral Center for Iron Metabolism Disorders, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, 37138, Verona, Italy.

Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases
|July 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vitamin B12 deficiency is common in older adults due to absorption issues. Early diagnosis and high-dose oral treatment are crucial for preventing severe complications in the elderly.

Keywords:
CobalaminElderly

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Older adults face increased risk of cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency.
  • Common age-related disorders and medications can impair vitamin B12 absorption and utilization.
  • Prevalence is higher in frail and institutionalized elderly individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of cobalamin in human health.
  • To outline the causes, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic strategies for vitamin B12 deficiency in the elderly.
  • To discuss current and emerging concepts in cobalamin management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on cobalamin deficiency in older adults.
  • Analysis of diagnostic complexities, including limitations of serum B12 levels and alternative biomarkers.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic approaches, comparing oral and parenteral routes.

Main Results:

  • Vitamin B12 deficiency diagnosis in the elderly is complex due to non-specific symptoms mimicking other conditions.
  • Serum homocysteine and methylmalonic acid offer improved diagnostics but have limitations.
  • High-dose oral vitamin B12 is as effective as parenteral administration, even in malabsorption cases.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin B12 deficiency requires high clinical suspicion in the elderly.
  • Effective management, including oral high-dose therapy, can resolve most cases.
  • Timely intervention is vital to prevent irreversible neurological and hematological complications.