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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

1.3K
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
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Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry
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Autophagy and Autoimmune Diseases.

Min Jin1, Yanyun Zhang2

  • 1Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Autophagy alterations are implicated in autoimmune diseases like SLE and RA. Understanding these changes offers potential therapeutic strategies for conditions such as lupus and arthritis.

Keywords:
AutophagyRheumatoid arthritisSystemic lupus erythematosusSystemic sclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Autophagy, a cellular degradation process, plays a critical role in maintaining immune homeostasis.
  • Dysfunctional autophagy is increasingly recognized as a contributing factor in the development and progression of various autoimmune disorders.
  • Specific alterations in autophagy have been observed across a spectrum of autoimmune conditions, highlighting its complex involvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the specific roles and consequences of altered autophagy in the pathogenesis of key autoimmune diseases.
  • To explore the mechanistic links between autophagy defects and disease manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic sclerosis (SSc).
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets by understanding how autophagy modulation impacts autoimmune disease progression.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing literature on autophagy in autoimmune diseases.
  • Analysis of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying autophagy dysfunction in patient cohorts.
  • Comparative study of autophagy alterations across different autoimmune conditions.

Main Results:

  • In SLE, autophagy defects lead to impaired clearance of cellular debris and heightened inflammatory factor secretion.
  • In IBD, dysregulated autophagy affects inflammatory factor regulation and pathogen clearance in the gut.
  • In RA, increased autophagy in synovioblasts promotes joint inflammation, while in SSc, fibroblast autophagy dysfunction drives excessive wound healing.

Conclusions:

  • Autophagy plays a multifaceted role in the pathogenesis of diverse autoimmune diseases.
  • Targeting autophagy pathways presents a promising avenue for developing novel therapeutic interventions for autoimmune conditions.
  • Further research into autophagy modulation could lead to improved treatment strategies for patients with SLE, IBD, RA, and SSc.