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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
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Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
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Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

Lysosomal Hydrolases

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Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry
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Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry

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Autophagy and Myeloma.

Zhong Zheng1, Li Wang1, Shu Cheng1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Multiple myeloma, a blood cancer, involves abnormal plasma cells. Autophagy, a cellular process, can both inhibit and promote cancer, offering a potential new treatment strategy.

Keywords:
ApoptosisAutophagyMultiple myeloma

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In Situ Immunofluorescent Staining of Autophagy in Muscle Stem Cells
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In Situ Immunofluorescent Staining of Autophagy in Muscle Stem Cells

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Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy
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Related Experiment Videos

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Multiple myeloma is a hematological malignancy characterized by malignant plasma cell proliferation in bone marrow.
  • This proliferation leads to bone destruction, hypercalcemia, anemia, and renal dysfunction due to monoclonal immunoglobulin secretion.
  • Autophagy plays a complex, dual role in myeloma cell biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the dual role of autophagy in multiple myeloma.
  • To investigate how autophagy influences myeloma cell survival and death.
  • To highlight targeted autophagy as a novel therapeutic strategy for multiple myeloma.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on multiple myeloma and autophagy.
  • Analysis of the mechanisms by which autophagy affects myeloma cells.
  • Examination of the potential of modulating autophagy for cancer treatment.

Main Results:

  • Autophagy can act as a tumor suppressor by clearing damaged components and preventing genetic damage.
  • Established myeloma cells exploit autophagy for survival under stress conditions like nutrient deficiency and hypoxia.
  • Excessive autophagy can induce autophagic cell death in tumor cells.

Conclusions:

  • Autophagy has a context-dependent role in multiple myeloma, acting as both a suppressor and a survival mechanism.
  • Targeting autophagy presents a promising new therapeutic avenue for multiple myeloma treatment.
  • Further research into modulating autophagy is crucial for developing effective myeloma therapies.