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Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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Sedatives are drugs that alleviate anxiety, while hypnotics induce sleep. Both classes of medication suppress neuronal activity, leading to a calming effect for sedatives and facilitating sleep for hypnotics.
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Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
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[Perioperative hypnosis: What analgesic impact ?]

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Hypnosis offers a promising approach to managing surgical pain and anxiety, complementing traditional methods. This technique can be used before, during, or after surgery for enhanced patient recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical research
  • Pain management
  • Complementary medicine

Background:

  • Perioperative pain is a significant challenge in surgical care.
  • Pharmacological pain management has limitations and potential side effects.
  • Hypnosis is gaining recognition as a viable complementary therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted applications of hypnosis in perioperative care.
  • To elucidate the benefits of hypnosis for surgical pain and anxiety.
  • To differentiate between various hypnosis techniques in the perioperative setting.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on hypnosis in surgical contexts.
  • Analysis of existing studies on hypnosedation and perioperative analgesia.
  • Synthesis of evidence regarding hypnosis for pre-, intra-, and post-operative symptom management.

Main Results:

  • Hypnosis effectively manages pre- and post-operative pain and anxiety.
  • Hypnosedation can serve as an alternative or adjunct to anesthesia.
  • Evidence supports hypnosis as part of multimodal pain management strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Hypnosis is a valuable tool for multimodal perioperative pain management.
  • The application of hypnosis can reduce reliance on pharmacological interventions.
  • Further research can optimize the integration of hypnosis into surgical care pathways.