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Chirality

Chirality

Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...

Chirality in Nature

Chirality in Nature

Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.

Prochirality

Prochirality

The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons

Replacing each alpha-hydrogen in chloroethane by bromine (or a different functional group) yields a pair of enantiomers. Such protons are called prochiral or enantiotopic and are related by a mirror plane. Enantiotopic protons are chemically equivalent in an achiral environment. Because most proton NMR spectra are recorded using achiral solvents, enantiotopic hydrogens yield a single signal.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

A Micropatterning Assay for Measuring Cell Chirality

A Micropatterning Assay for Measuring Cell Chirality

Published on: March 11, 2022

Detecting Chirality in Two-Terminal Electronic Nanodevices.

Xu Yang¹, Caspar H van der Wal¹, Bart J van Wees¹

¹Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, NL-9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands.

|July 17, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) generates magnetoresistance (MR) in spintronic devices. This study reveals mechanisms for MR in nonlinear and linear response regimes, offering design principles for chiral spintronics.

Keywords:

chirality-induced spin selectivity nonlinear response spintronics spin−charge conversion time-reversal symmetry

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Published on: July 22, 2013

Area of Science:

Spintronics
Condensed Matter Physics
Molecular Electronics

Background:

Spintronics relies on charge-spin current interconversion, often via chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS).
Chirality-induced spin selectivity is typically studied using magnetoresistance (MR) in two-terminal (2T) devices with chiral molecules and ferromagnets.
Fundamental understanding of MR generation in these systems is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To uncover the elementary mechanism for MR generation in nonlinear response due to CISS.
To explore methods for detecting CISS in magnet-free 2T nanodevices under linear response conditions.
To provide operational principles and design guidelines for chiral spintronic devices.

Main Methods:

Theoretical investigation of nonlinear transport phenomena in chiral nanodevices.
Analysis of energy-dependent transport and energy relaxation.
Exploration of spin-valve effects and Hanle spin precession in magnet-free systems.

Main Results:

An elementary mechanism for MR in nonlinear response was identified, requiring energy-dependent transport and relaxation.
The sign of the MR is dependent on chirality, charge carrier type, and bias direction.
CISS detection in linear response is demonstrated via chirality-based spin-valves or Hanle spin precession in magnet-free devices.

Conclusions:

The study elucidates fundamental mechanisms for MR arising from CISS in both nonlinear and linear response regimes.
Novel methods for detecting CISS in magnet-free spintronic devices are presented.
Results offer practical guidance for designing advanced chiral spintronic nanodevices and technologies.