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High sensitivity and specificity screening for clinically significant intimate partner violence.

Richard E Heyman1, Katherine J W Baucom1, Shu Xu1

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Summary

New brief screeners accurately identify intimate partner violence (IPV), including physical and psychological abuse, for both men and women. These tools meet high sensitivity and specificity standards for clinical use.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Public Health
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening for intimate partner violence (IPV).
  • Existing screening tools may lack brevity or comprehensive criteria alignment.
  • There is a need for validated screeners for both physical and psychological IPV based on ICD-11 and DSM-5.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate brief screeners for clinically significant physical and psychological IPV.
  • To ensure screeners assess perpetration and victimization in both men and women.
  • To establish ICD-11 and DSM-5 criteria as the reference standard for IPV screening.

Main Methods:

  • Development and testing of novel IPV screeners.
  • Recruitment of active duty service members and their spouses worldwide via email and mail.
  • Utilizing large sample sizes (N > 54,000 in 2006, N > 48,000 in 2008 for service members).

Main Results:

  • Physical IPV can be screened with high accuracy using only four items (sensitivity >90%, specificity >95%).
  • Psychological IPV can be screened effectively with just two items.
  • Screeners demonstrate equivalent accuracy for men and women, and for perpetrators and victims.

Conclusions:

  • Brief, validated screeners for clinically significant physical and psychological IPV are now available.
  • These screeners offer high sensitivity and specificity, aiding clinical detection.
  • The developed tools are effective for diverse populations, including military service members and their spouses.