Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

15.5K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
15.5K
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

4.1K
4.1K
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

9.1K
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
9.1K
Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

10.5K
Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
10.5K
The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

2.0K
Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
2.0K
The Nucleosome Core Particle02:10

The Nucleosome Core Particle

13.8K
Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
13.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Objectification at work: The impact of algorithmic management on employee work engagement.

Acta psychologica·2026
Same author

Early life stress blunts time-of-day-specific autonomic function in adult male mice.

American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology·2026
Same author

Immune cells during compensatory renal hypertrophy after unilateral nephrectomy.

Research square·2026
Same author

Transcriptome-based cell type assignment for kidney cell culture models.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Molecular mechanism of Circ_PRKDC regulating macrophage polarization in wound healing.

International immunopharmacology·2026
Same author

Endothelium-derived endothelin-1 mediates sickle cell nephropathy.

Function (Oxford, England)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue
09:43

Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue

Published on: November 30, 2018

21.9K

Fluid-electrolyte homeostasis requires histone deacetylase function.

Kelly A Hyndman1, Joshua S Speed2, Luciano D Mendoza1

  • 1Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

JCI Insight
|July 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Kidney epithelial histone deacetylases (HDACs) are crucial for maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance, especially during high-salt diets. Inhibiting these HDACs can lead to serious health issues, including hypertension and electrolyte disorders.

Keywords:
BioinformaticsCell BiologyEpigeneticsEpithelial transport of ions and waterNephrology

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Developing Acetyl-Click Assay for HAT1 Inhibitor Screening
05:44

Author Spotlight: Developing Acetyl-Click Assay for HAT1 Inhibitor Screening

Published on: January 26, 2024

1.2K
Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
10:09

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

Published on: January 26, 2018

7.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue
09:43

Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue

Published on: November 30, 2018

21.9K
Author Spotlight: Developing Acetyl-Click Assay for HAT1 Inhibitor Screening
05:44

Author Spotlight: Developing Acetyl-Click Assay for HAT1 Inhibitor Screening

Published on: January 26, 2024

1.2K
Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
10:09

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

Published on: January 26, 2018

7.8K

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are epigenetic regulators, but their role in kidney function is not well understood.
  • Class I HDACs are expressed in the human kidney, suggesting potential functional significance.
  • Previous research has not fully elucidated the specific mechanisms by which HDACs influence kidney physiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of kidney epithelial HDACs in maintaining fluid-electrolyte homeostasis.
  • To determine the impact of inhibiting class I HDACs in the kidney medulla.
  • To explore the link between HDAC inhibition and adverse events, particularly fluid-electrolyte disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized rat models with kidney medulla-specific inhibition of class I HDACs during high-salt feeding.
  • Developed three inducible murine models to study HDAC1 and HDAC2 in kidney epithelium.
  • Employed single-nucleus RNA-sequencing to analyze gene expression changes in kidney epithelial cells.
  • Conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of serious adverse events associated with clinical HDAC inhibitor use.

Main Results:

  • Kidney medulla-specific inhibition of class I HDACs in rats induced hypertension, polyuria, hypokalemia, and nitric oxide deficiency.
  • Epithelial HDAC1 and HDAC2 were found to be essential for maintaining epithelial integrity and fluid-electrolyte balance under high-salt conditions in mice.
  • Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing revealed that epithelial HDAC1 and HDAC2 regulate the expression of numerous sodium and water transporters.
  • Analysis of clinical HDAC inhibitor use showed an increased risk of fluid-electrolyte disorders, such as hypokalemia.

Conclusions:

  • Kidney tubular HDACs play a critical role in linking environmental factors like high-salt diets to homeostatic mechanisms regulating fluid-electrolyte balance.
  • Epithelial HDAC1 and HDAC2 are vital for kidney function, particularly in managing sodium and water transport.
  • HDAC inhibitors are associated with potentially fatal fluid-electrolyte disturbances, highlighting the importance of understanding their renal effects.