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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Bioengineered pluripotent stem cell models: new approaches to explore early human embryo development.

Agnes M Resto Irizarry1, Sajedeh Nasr Esfahani1, Jianping Fu2

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Researchers are using engineered biomimetic platforms and human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to create embryo models. These models help study early human development, cell differentiation, and growth dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Bioengineering

Background:

  • Human development involves complex interactions between genomic factors and environmental signals.
  • Understanding early embryonic development is crucial for regenerative medicine and developmental disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the use of engineered biomimetic platforms for creating human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based embryo models (embryoids).
  • To discuss how these models recapitulate early human embryonic development and aid in studying spatiotemporal dynamics.
  • To explore advancements in extraembryonic lineage derivation and the utility of mouse embryoid models.

Main Methods:

  • Development of engineered biomimetic platforms with controllable environments.
  • Utilizing human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to generate embryoids.
  • Integration of genome editing, single-cell analysis, and computational modeling.

Main Results:

  • hPSC-based embryoids successfully recapitulate key early human embryonic developmental events.
  • Combined approaches allow detailed parsing of spatiotemporal dynamics in differentiation, patterning, and growth.
  • Insights gained from mouse embryoid models inform human extraembryonic lineage studies.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered biomimetic platforms offer powerful tools for studying human development in vitro.
  • Further bioengineering advancements are needed for more controllable systems.
  • Validation of findings from hPSC-based embryoid models is essential for clinical translation.