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Human Organs-on-Chips for Virology.

Huaqi Tang1, Yasmine Abouleila1, Longlong Si2

  • 1Medical Systems Biophysics and Bioengineering, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Trends in Microbiology
|July 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Human organ-on-a-chip technology recreates complex human viral infection responses in vitro. These advanced models bridge the gap between traditional lab systems and human pathophysiology for better disease understanding.

Keywords:
microfluidicsmicrophysiological systemorgan-on-a-chipviral infectionsvirus

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Translational Medicine

Background:

  • Conventional in vitro and animal models inadequately recapitulate human responses to viral infections.
  • Existing models limit the study of viral pathogenesis and the development of effective vaccines and therapeutics.
  • A need exists for advanced experimental systems that mimic human physiology more accurately.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe recent advancements in Human Organ Chip technology.
  • To demonstrate the capability of Organ Chips in recreating complex human viral infection pathophysiology.
  • To highlight the potential of Organ Chips in bridging the gap between in vitro models and human disease.

Main Methods:

  • Development and application of microfluidic Human Organ Chip devices.
  • Recreation of key physiological features including tissue-tissue interfaces and mechanical cues.
  • In vitro modeling of complex human viral infection scenarios.

Main Results:

  • Organ Chips successfully recapitulate critical pathophysiological features of human viral infections.
  • These microfluidic systems provide a more accurate in vitro representation of human responses to infection.
  • Recent developments enable detailed study of viral disease mechanisms within a human-relevant context.

Conclusions:

  • Human Organ Chip technology represents a significant advancement over conventional models for studying viral infections.
  • Organ Chips offer a powerful platform for investigating viral pathogenesis and accelerating the development of medical countermeasures.
  • These models are crucial for improving the predictive value of in vitro studies for human health outcomes.