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Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy
Published on: May 27, 2018
Second critical point in two realistic models of water
Pablo G Debenedetti1, Francesco Sciortino2, Gül H Zerze3
1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. pdebene@princeton.edu.
Abstract:
The hypothesis that water has a second critical point at deeply supercooled conditions was formulated to provide a thermodynamically consistent interpretation of numerous experimental observations. A large body of work has been devoted to verifying or falsifying this hypothesis, but no unambiguous experimental proof has yet been found. Here, we use histogram reweighting and large-system scattering calculations to investigate computationally two molecular models of water, TIP4P/2005 and TIP4P/Ice, widely regarded to be among the most accurate classical force fields for this substance. We show that both models have a metastable liquid-liquid critical point at deeply supercooled conditions and that this critical point is consistent with the three-dimensional Ising universality class.
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