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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

131
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
131
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

154
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
154
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

148
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
148
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

177
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
177
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

114
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
114
Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations01:15

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations

134
Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is commonly administered via intermittent intravenous infusion to treat severe infections. An intermittent one-hour infusion of gentamicin, administered at eight-hour intervals, allows for precise control of plasma drug concentrations, minimizing toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacokinetic principles govern the dynamics of plasma concentrations and can be mathematically described using specific equations.The plasma drug concentration...
134

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Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
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Penicillin - getting prescribing right for children.

Mona Mostaghim1, Brendan J McMullan1, Greg Rowles2,3,1

  • 1both these authors contributed equally.

Australian Prescriber
|July 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric penicillin dosing often requires weight-based calculations, not just standard product information. Consulting reputable antibiotic guidelines ensures optimal penicillin selection, dosage, and duration for children.

Keywords:
antibioticsantimicrobial stewardshipoff-label usepaediatricspenicillins

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pharmacology
  • Antimicrobial Stewardship

Background:

  • Penicillins are frequently prescribed for pediatric infections.
  • Existing product information may not provide optimal dosing or indications for children.
  • Alternative antibiotics might be preferred for certain pediatric conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight discrepancies in pediatric penicillin dosing recommendations.
  • To emphasize the importance of evidence-based guidelines for pediatric antibiotic use.
  • To guide appropriate selection, route, dosage, and duration of oral penicillins in children.

Main Methods:

  • Review of product information for pediatric penicillin recommendations.
  • Comparison with reputable antibiotic guidelines (e.g., Therapeutic Guidelines: Antibiotic).
  • Analysis of weight-based dosing strategies versus standard dosing.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric penicillin dosing often necessitates weight-based calculations (mg/kg).
  • Maximum adult doses should not be exceeded, even with weight-based calculations.
  • Specific oral liquid volumes for higher weight-based doses of amoxicillin/flucloxacillin require careful checking to ensure sufficient supply for treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Relying solely on product information for pediatric penicillin dosing can be suboptimal.
  • Utilizing authoritative antibiotic guidelines is crucial for appropriate pediatric prescribing.
  • Weight-based dosing, with attention to total volume, ensures effective and adequate penicillin therapy in children.