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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

2.5K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
2.5K
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

189
Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
189
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

558
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
558
Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

134
Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
134
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

595
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
595
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

344
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
344

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
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Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

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Advanced heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

Albert Hicks1, Jorge F Velazco2, Salman Gohar1

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center - TempleTempleTexas.

Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)
|July 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) management is critical. New mechanical support and transplantation strategies offer improved survival and quality of life for HFrEF patients.

Keywords:
Advanced heart failureangiotensin receptor blockercardiac transplantationextracorporeal membrane oxygenationheart failure with reduced ejection fractionleft ventricular assist devicesneprilysin inhibition

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Technology

Background:

  • Advanced heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) significantly impacts hospital admissions and readmission rates.
  • Current therapies, including ACE inhibitors, offer limited improvement for advanced HFrEF patients.
  • Value-based payment models emphasize the need for improved HFrEF management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in medical therapy and mechanical support for HFrEF.
  • To explore changes in organ allocation for cardiac transplantation.
  • To provide guidance for referring patients to advanced heart failure teams.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current medical therapies for HFrEF.
  • Analysis of recent developments in short- and long-term mechanical circulatory support.
  • Examination of updated organ allocation policies for heart transplantation.

Main Results:

  • Advances in medical therapy and mechanical support show promise for improving HFrEF patient outcomes.
  • Changes in organ allocation may affect eligibility and access to cardiac transplantation.
  • A structured referral process can optimize patient selection for advanced therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Despite limitations of traditional therapies, novel approaches are enhancing survival and quality of life in advanced HFrEF.
  • Mechanical support and updated transplantation criteria represent key advancements in HFrEF care.
  • Timely referral to specialized heart failure teams is essential for optimal patient management.