Cat scratch disease causing encephalitis.

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Neurology
• Microbiology

Background:

• Cat scratch disease (CSD) is a common zoonotic infection caused by Bartonella henselae.
• Transmission typically occurs via scratches or bites from infected felines, particularly kittens.
• Clinical manifestations range from localized lymphadenopathy to systemic and neurological complications.

Observation:

• A 22-year-old male presented with a three-week history of inguinal lymphadenopathy.
• The patient subsequently developed status epilepticus, a severe neurological emergency.

Findings:

• This case illustrates a rare and severe neurological manifestation of Cat scratch disease in an adult.
• Bartonella henselae infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained seizures or status epilepticus, even in the absence of typical CSD symptoms.

Implications:

• Highlights the importance of considering infectious etiologies, including CSD, in patients presenting with neurological emergencies.
• Underscores the diverse and potentially severe spectrum of Bartonella henselae infections.
• Emphasizes the need for prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment to prevent severe outcomes.