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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Cerebrospinal Fluid01:21

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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a colorless liquid that flows around the brain and the spinal cord, playing a vital role in the protection, support, and overall function of the central nervous system (CNS). CSF production, circulation, and absorption are tightly regulated processes essential for the brain and spinal cord to function properly.
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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
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Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
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Cerebrospinal Fluid MicroRNA Profiling Using Quantitative Real Time PCR
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Variability in Cerebrospinal Fluid MicroRNAs Through Life.

Endika Prieto-Fernández1, Elixabet Lopez-Lopez2,3, Idoia Martin-Guerrero4,5

  • 1Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of The Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain. eprieto@cicbiogune.es.

Molecular Neurobiology
|July 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Cerebrospinal fluid microRNAs (miRNAs) show significant age-related expression changes throughout life. Understanding these differences is crucial for diagnosing neurodevelopmental disorders, especially in children.

Keywords:
Biological variabilityBiomarkersCerebrospinal fluidChildrenMicroRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Human brain development involves complex gene expression, with microRNAs (miRNAs) playing a key role in regulating mRNA.
  • miRNAs are implicated in both normal brain development and neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) miRNA profiles require age-specific differentiation for accurate analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biological variability of miRNA expression in CSF across different human lifespan stages.
  • To establish age-specific miRNA profiles in CSF for improved biomarker discovery in central nervous system (CNS) pathologies, particularly in pediatric cases.

Main Methods:

  • Small RNA sequencing (smallRNA-Seq) was used to analyze the CSF microRNAome.
  • The study included 14 healthy children (aged 0-7.4 years).
  • CSF miRNA data from children were compared with previously published data from adults and elders.

Main Results:

  • Significant age-dependent differences in CSF miRNA expression were observed.
  • Specific miRNAs, such as miR-423-5p and miR-22-3p, showed differential expression in distinct age groups (<1 year and >3 years, respectively).
  • 18 miRNAs peaked at different life stages, and some were exclusively expressed in specific age groups, while miR-191-5p maintained stable expression.

Conclusions:

  • CSF miRNA expression profiles exhibit substantial dynamic changes throughout human life.
  • Age-matched controls are essential when analyzing CSF miRNA expression in various pathological conditions.
  • These findings highlight the importance of age-specific reference ranges for CSF miRNAs in biomarker research and clinical diagnostics.