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Related Concept Videos

Viscosity of Fluid01:19

Viscosity of Fluid

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Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.
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When water is poured into a glass, it falls freely and quickly, whereas if honey or maple syrup is poured over a pancake, it flows slowly and sticks to the surface of the container. This difference in the flow of different kinds of liquids arises due to the fluid friction between the liquid layers and the liquid and the surrounding material. This property of fluids is called fluid viscosity. In this example, water has a lower viscosity than honey and maple syrup.
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Viscous forces, like friction, are intermolecular forces that resist the relative motion of molecules over each other. When a solid body moves through a liquid, viscous forces drag it in the opposite direction. The force's magnitude depends on the solid's shape and size, as well as its speed and the liquid's coefficient of viscosity, density and temperature.
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Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

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Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
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Consider a truck trying to pull a stationary car. As the truck exerts a force on the car, static friction is created at the point of contact between the two surfaces. This frictional force resists the car's movement and keeps it at rest. However, when the applied force by the truck surpasses the limiting static frictional force, an interesting phenomenon occurs. The frictional force at the interface reduces to a lower value, known as the kinetic frictional force. At this point, the car...
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Viscous bouncing.

Aditya Jha1, Pierre Chantelot1, Christophe Clanet1

  • 1PMMH, UMR 7636 du CNRS, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France and LadHyX, UMR 7646 du CNRS, École Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Highly viscous liquids can now bounce much farther off surfaces. This study explains the physics behind these viscous rebounds, focusing on drop contact time and collision elasticity for hydrophobic solids.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Materials science
  • Surface science

Background:

  • Repellent materials, or hydrophobic surfaces, are known to repel impacting water, allowing them to remain dry.
  • The bouncing of water drops on such surfaces is a well-understood phenomenon for low-viscosity liquids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and extend the understanding of drop bouncing on repellent surfaces to highly viscous liquids.
  • To quantify the factors influencing the rebound of viscous drops and elucidate the underlying physics.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental measurements of drop impact and rebound dynamics for liquids with varying viscosities.
  • Development of a physical model to describe the contact time and collision elasticity of viscous drops.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that the bouncing ability of drops can be extended by two orders of magnitude with increasing liquid viscosity.
  • Identified and modeled the key characteristics of viscous rebounds, including extended contact times and altered collision elasticity.
  • Established a mechanistic understanding of why and how viscous liquids rebound from hydrophobic solids.

Conclusions:

  • Viscous liquids can exhibit significantly enhanced bouncing behavior on hydrophobic surfaces.
  • The interplay between contact time and collision elasticity governs the repulsion of viscous liquids.
  • This research provides fundamental insights into fluid-surface interactions for a broader range of liquid properties.