Ovalbumin-modified nanoparticles increase the tumor accumulation by a tumor microenvironment-mediated "giant"

We designed a pH intelligently driven self-assembled nano-platform (GOx@ZIF-OVA). The nano-platform was composed of glucose oxidase (GOx), ovalbumin (OVA) and zeolitic imidazolate skeleton-8 (ZIF-8). The goal was to address the depth and cumulative limits of the drug at the tumor site. Firstly, OVA-modified GOx@ZIF could greatly increase tumor accumulation due to spontaneous self-assembly from 142.2 ± 9.1 to 705.5 ± 52.1 nm and the 5779.4 ± 598.3 nm giant at pH values of 7.4, 6.5, and 5.0, respectively. More importantly, the tumor-like sphere experiments demonstrated that the encapsulated GOx "vampires" can cut off the energy source of tumors and poisonous tumor cells without depth limitations. Furthermore, immunofluorescence assay and cytotoxicity assay tests in vivo proved that T cell infiltration could be significantly increased, triggering an effective anti-tumor immune response and inhibiting lung metastasis. Therefore, the experimental results demonstrated that the acid-smart-driven nano-platform has the potential to address the limitations of tumor depth and drug accumulation in solid tumors.