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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

High-throughput Flow Cytometry Cell-based Assay to Detect Antibodies to N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor or Dopamine-2 Receptor in Human Serum
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[Anti-NMDAR encephalitis associated with relapsing optic neuritis].

A N Belova1, V N Grygorieva1, M V Rasteryaeva1

  • 1Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
|July 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Autoimmune encephalitis with antibodies to NMDA receptors (anti-NMDAR encephalitis) is treatable but difficult to diagnose. This case highlights recurrent optic neuritis as a potential atypical symptom, emphasizing the need for broader diagnostic considerations.

Keywords:
anti-NMDA receptor encephalitismultiple sclerosisneuromyelitis optica spectrum disordersoptic neuritisoverlapping syndromes

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Autoimmune encephalitis with antibodies to NMDA receptors (anti-NMDAR encephalitis) is the most common autoimmune encephalitis.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for patient outcomes, as delays can lead to severe disability or death.
  • Diagnostic challenges arise from varied clinical presentations, potential overlap with other autoimmune conditions, and limited physician awareness.

Observation:

  • This report details a case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis presenting with recurrent optic neuritis.
  • The optic neuritis was not attributable to co-existing multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.
  • This presentation suggests optic neuritis may be an atypical manifestation of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

Findings:

  • The association of recurrent optic neuritis with anti-NMDAR encephalitis is described.
  • This case expands the spectrum of clinical manifestations recognized in anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
  • The findings underscore the importance of considering anti-NMDAR encephalitis even with seemingly unrelated neurological symptoms.

Implications:

  • Increased awareness of atypical presentations like optic neuritis can improve early diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
  • Timely diagnosis and treatment are vital to prevent long-term neurological sequelae.
  • Further research may elucidate the mechanisms underlying optic nerve involvement in anti-NMDAR encephalitis.