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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments
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Sleep and sleepiness in shift-working tram drivers.

Jussi Onninen1, Tarja Hakola2, Sampsa Puttonen2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.

Applied Ergonomics
|July 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Driver sleepiness is a significant safety concern. This study found severe sleepiness in 22% of tram shifts, emphasizing the need for fatigue management strategies for all drivers.

Keywords:
Driver fatigueSleep lossUrban transportation

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Transportation Safety
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Driver sleepiness is a major cause of traffic accidents.
  • Sleepiness among urban public transport drivers is understudied.
  • Understanding sleep patterns and countermeasures is crucial for public transport safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sleepiness, sleep duration, and sleepiness countermeasures (SCMs) in tram drivers.
  • To analyze the impact of different shifts (morning, day, evening) on driver sleepiness.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of SCMs like caffeine and napping.

Main Methods:

  • Study involved 23 tram drivers over three weeks.
  • Sleepiness assessed using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS).
  • Nocturnal total sleep time (TST) measured via wrist actigraphy.
  • SCMs and naps self-reported using a smartphone application.

Main Results:

  • Severe sleepiness (KSS ≥ 7) occurred in 22% of shifts, irrespective of shift type.
  • Rest breaks provided minor reductions in sleepiness.
  • Total sleep time (TST) was significantly reduced before morning and day shifts compared to days off.
  • Effective SCM usage showed minimal variation across different shift types.

Conclusions:

  • Fatigue management is essential for tram drivers, including those on non-night shifts.
  • Reduced sleep before shifts may contribute to driver sleepiness.
  • Further research into optimizing SCMs for public transport drivers is warranted.