Management of Vascular Infections in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Vascular infections are rare and challenging conditions with significant deaths and morbidity. Their management necessitates a multi-disciplinary approach and substantial human and financial resources. The management selected may be influenced by the available resources in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where such resources may be variable. We reviewed the published literature and reviewed the management options for various vascular infections with a focus on carotid, aortic, infrainguinal, and dialysis access infections. Recommendations related to prevention and treatment will be offered from the perspective of LMICs. The general principles for prevention are in compliance with established surgical site infection guidelines and minimize the use of prosthetic material. Early detection and intervention by removing all infected prosthetic material, debridement, drainage, and coverage of the infected field with vascularized tissue are essential steps in the management of the infection. Revascularization using an extra-anatomic or in situ approach is individualized based on the resources and expertise available. The prevention and management of vascular infections in LMICs are effective by adhering to time-proven principles even with limited resources.