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Pediatric Cancers among Alaska Native People
Sarah H Nash1, Garrett Zimpelman1, Laura Schulz2
1Alaska Native Epidemiology Center, Community Health Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK.
The Journal of Pediatrics
|July 18, 2020
Summary
Pediatric cancer incidence increased among Alaska Native people, but survival rates improved significantly. This study highlights trends and improved outcomes for childhood cancers in this population.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Pediatric Oncology
- Public Health
Background:
- Childhood cancers represent a significant health concern globally.
- Understanding cancer epidemiology in specific populations is crucial for targeted interventions.
- Alaska Native people have unique health considerations that warrant specific epidemiological study.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the descriptive epidemiology of pediatric cancers among Alaska Native people.
- To analyze trends in incidence and cancer site distribution over time.
- To assess survival rates and changes in mortality risk for pediatric cancers in this population.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the Alaska Native Tumor Registry (1969-present).
- Examined cancer cases in individuals aged 0-19 years, classified using the International Classification of Childhood Cancers, 3rd edition (ICCC-3).
- Compared incidence, distribution, and survival between two time periods (1969-1996 and 1997-2016), adjusting for relevant factors.
Main Results:
- Pediatric cancer incidence rates increased from 139.8 to 197.54 per million between 1969-1996 and 1997-2016.
- Significant differences in ICCC-3 cancer site distribution were observed between the two time periods (P < .0001).
- Overall 12-month and 5-year survival probabilities were high (0.88 and 0.76, respectively), with a 57% decrease in the risk of death for cases diagnosed in 1997-2016 compared to 1969-1996.
Conclusions:
- Pediatric cancer incidence is rising among Alaska Native people.
- Despite increased incidence, survival rates have significantly improved, indicating better treatment efficacy or earlier detection.
- Findings are valuable for understanding Indigenous pediatric cancers and informing clinical care.
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