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Evolutionarily missing and conserved tRNA genes in human and avian.

Xumin Ou1, Wenjing Peng2, Zhishuang Yang3

  • 1Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Postgraduate School Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases
|July 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Missing transfer RNA (tRNA) genes in humans and birds, alongside conserved regulatory elements, suggest shared viral RNA decoding strategies. This may explain cross-species viral infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Viral RNA decoding relies on host transfer RNA (tRNA).
  • Not all 64 codon types are matched by cognate tRNAs due to evolutionary missing genes.
  • Wobbling allows decoding by fewer tRNA species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss fundamental problems and effects of evolutionarily missing and conserved tRNA genes.
  • To explore conserved viral RNA decoding mechanisms across hosts.
  • To understand how conserved mechanisms promote cross-species infection.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of tRNA gene content in humans, chickens, and ducks.
  • Identification of missing tRNA genes (14 out of 64).
  • Analysis of conserved key motifs (box A and B) in tRNA genes.

Main Results:

  • 14 tRNA genes are parallelly missing in humans, chickens, and ducks.
  • Conserved intragenic tRNA promoter elements (box A and B) were identified.
  • Shared tRNA gene deficiencies and conserved regulatory elements suggest parallel decoding strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Humans, chickens, and ducks may use similar wobbling strategies and tRNA transcripts for viral RNA decoding.
  • Conserved viral RNA decoding mechanisms across hosts can promote cross-species infection.
  • Understanding tRNA evolution is crucial for predicting and controlling viral pandemics.