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New Nanofibers Based on Protein By-Products with Bioactive Potential for Tissue Engineering.

Maria Râpă1, Carmen Gaidău2, Laura Mihaela Stefan3

  • 1Faculty of Material Sciences and Engineering, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 313 Spl. Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

New electrospun protein nanofibers from collagen hydrolysate and keratin hydrolysate show promise for tissue engineering. These biocompatible materials exhibit good structural integrity and a healthy cellular response, paving the way for future applications.

Keywords:
collagen hydrolysateelectrospinningin vitro cytotoxicitykeratin hydrolysaterabbit collagen gluetriple helix

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Mammalian by-products are a source of valuable proteins like collagen and keratin.
  • Electrospinning is a technique used to create nanofibers for biomedical applications.
  • Protein-based nanofibers offer potential for regenerative medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extract and electrospin collagen hydrolysate (HC10CC), rabbit collagen glue (RCG), and keratin hydrolysate (KH) into nanofibers.
  • To characterize the morphology, structure, and mechanical properties of the electrospun nanofibers.
  • To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity and cellular response to these protein-based nanofibers.

Main Methods:

  • Protein extraction from mammalian by-products.
  • Electrospinning of collagen hydrolysate and keratin hydrolysate.
  • Characterization using SEM/EDS, ATR-FTIR, DSC, and indentation tests.
  • Cytotoxicity assays (MTT, LDH) and cell morphology observation on L929 fibroblasts.

Main Results:

  • Electrospun RCG and KH nanofibers ranged from 44-410 nm; HC10CC nanofibers were larger.
  • Partial preservation of collagen's triple helix structure was confirmed by ATR-FTIR and circular dichroism.
  • Electrospun KH nanofibers demonstrated superior viscoelastic properties compared to RCG nanofibers.
  • In vitro assays indicated no cytotoxicity, with a healthy cellular response observed.

Conclusions:

  • Electrospun nanofibers derived from collagen hydrolysate and keratin hydrolysate are biocompatible.
  • These protein-based nanofibers possess suitable structural and mechanical properties for potential tissue engineering applications.
  • Further research into the bioactive properties of these novel nanofibers is warranted.