Blind and low-complexity modulation format identification scheme using principal component analysis of Stokes...

Area of Science:

• Optical Communications
• Signal Processing

Background:

• Modulation format identification (MFI) is crucial for elastic optical networks (EONs).
• Existing MFI schemes often suffer from high complexity and significant symbol requirements.
• The need for low-complexity and efficient MFI is growing with network demands.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a blind and low-complexity MFI scheme for EONs.
• To reduce the dimensionality of received signals for efficient processing.
• To enable accurate MFI with minimal symbol usage and high tolerance to impairments.

Main Methods:

• A novel MFI scheme employing principal component analysis (PCA) on Stokes parameters after a square operation.
• Dimensionality reduction from 3×N to 3×3 using PCA.
• Verification through simulations of 28 GBaud polarization division multiplexing (PDM)-BPSK/-QPSK/-8QAM/-16QAM/-32QAM/-64QAM systems and 20 GBaud PDM-QPSK/-16QAM/-32QAM long-haul transmission experiments.

Main Results:

• Achieved 100% MFI success rate with only 2048 symbols, meeting or exceeding 7% forward error correction (FEC) thresholds.
• Demonstrated significant tolerance to residual chromatic dispersion (CD) and differential group delay (DGD).
• Exhibited good resilience to fiber nonlinear impairments in long-haul experiments.
• Required at most 2/5 the number of symbols compared to other schemes for 100% MFI success rate.
• Reduced time complexity to O(N).

Conclusions:

• The proposed blind MFI scheme is effective and low-complexity for EONs.
• The method achieves high accuracy with minimal data and robust performance against various impairments.
• Offers significant advantages in symbol count and computational complexity over existing MFI techniques.