Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.8K
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
3.8K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.7K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.7K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.3K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
2.3K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.4K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Assessing antimicrobial utilization and costs, and correlating biological markers with adverse events in ICU patients: An effort towards antimicrobial stewardship.

Journal of family medicine and primary care·2025
Same author

Maternal CENP-C restores centromere symmetry in mammalian zygotes to ensure proper chromosome segregation.

Developmental cell·2025
Same author

Maternal CENP-C restores centromere symmetry in mammalian zygotes to ensure proper chromosome segregation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Hematological Changes in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Focus on Anemia, Disease Severity, and Therapeutic Implications.

Cureus·2025
Same author

Suicide Trends Among Indian Institutes of Technology Joint Entrance Examination (IIT JEE) and National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) Aspirants: A Comparative Study of Demographic and Situational Factors.

Cureus·2025
Same author

Increased levels of lagging strand polymerase α in an adult stem cell lineage affect replication-coupled histone incorporation.

Science advances·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Preparation of Silica Nanoparticles Through Microwave-assisted Acid-catalysis
09:43

Preparation of Silica Nanoparticles Through Microwave-assisted Acid-catalysis

Published on: December 16, 2013

19.2K

Surface initiated polymerizations from silica nanoparticles.

Bindushree Radhakrishnan1, Rajesh Ranjan1, William J Brittain1

  • 1Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio-44325, USA. wjbritt@uakron.edu.

Soft Matter
|July 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Surface initiated polymerizations create unique hybrid nanoparticles with covalently bonded polymers. This review covers synthesis techniques and mechanisms for these versatile nanomaterials.

More Related Videos

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
07:39

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: June 8, 2016

9.8K
Creating Sub-50 Nm Nanofluidic Junctions in PDMS Microfluidic Chip via Self-Assembly Process of Colloidal Particles
11:13

Creating Sub-50 Nm Nanofluidic Junctions in PDMS Microfluidic Chip via Self-Assembly Process of Colloidal Particles

Published on: March 13, 2016

11.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Preparation of Silica Nanoparticles Through Microwave-assisted Acid-catalysis
09:43

Preparation of Silica Nanoparticles Through Microwave-assisted Acid-catalysis

Published on: December 16, 2013

19.2K
Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
07:39

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: June 8, 2016

9.8K
Creating Sub-50 Nm Nanofluidic Junctions in PDMS Microfluidic Chip via Self-Assembly Process of Colloidal Particles
11:13

Creating Sub-50 Nm Nanofluidic Junctions in PDMS Microfluidic Chip via Self-Assembly Process of Colloidal Particles

Published on: March 13, 2016

11.1K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Surface-initiated polymerizations result in covalently bonded polymers on substrates.
  • These hybrid nanoparticles exhibit unique properties.
  • They find diverse applications across various scientific fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review various synthesis techniques for surface-initiated polymer nanoparticles.
  • To discuss the mechanistic approaches behind these synthesis methods.
  • To highlight the unique properties and applications of these hybrid nanomaterials.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of surface-initiated polymerization techniques.
  • Analysis of mechanistic pathways for nanoparticle formation.
  • Compilation of reported properties and applications.

Main Results:

  • Detailed overview of different surface-initiated polymerization methods.
  • Explanation of the mechanisms governing polymer grafting and nanoparticle formation.
  • Summary of the unique characteristics and broad applicability of the resulting hybrid nanoparticles.

Conclusions:

  • Surface-initiated polymerization is a key method for creating advanced hybrid nanoparticles.
  • Understanding the synthesis mechanisms is crucial for tailoring nanoparticle properties.
  • These nanoparticles offer significant potential for diverse technological applications.