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Breaking Earth's shell into a global plate network.

C A Tang1,2, A A G Webb3, W B Moore4,5

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Area of Science:

  • Solid Earth geophysics
  • Planetary science
  • Geodynamics

Background:

  • The initiation of Earth's plate tectonics is poorly understood.
  • Previous models suggest a single-plate stage preceded multi-plate tectonics.
  • Existing models often use continuum mechanics approximations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the self-organized fracture mechanism for early lithospheric breakup.
  • To determine the factors controlling early plate scale and fracture spacing.
  • To propose a viable mechanism for the onset of plate tectonics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 3D spherical shell models to simulate lithospheric behavior.
  • Employed a fracture mechanics approach, distinct from continuum approximations.
  • Analyzed the role of horizontal extension and thermal expansion.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated globe-spanning rifting via a self-organized fracture mechanism.
  • Identified lithospheric thickness and rheology as key controls on fracture spacing.
  • Showed that geometrically regular, polygonal tessellations minimize total crack length.

Conclusions:

  • Early lithospheric warming can drive failure and fracture propagation.
  • This mechanism provides conditions necessary for the onset of multi-plate tectonics.
  • The findings offer a new perspective on early Earth geodynamics.