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Related Concept Videos

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

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Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
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Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression
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Screening for depression in movement disorders clinic.

Parviz Bahadoran1, Rita Varela2, Andrea De Angelis2

  • 1Atkinson Morley Regional Neurosciences Centre, St. George's Hospital, London, UK. parviz.bahadoran@nhs.net.

Neurological Sciences : Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology
|July 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The Emotions Thermometer (ET4) is a fast and reliable tool for screening depression in movement disorder patients. It is comparable to other measures and ideal for busy clinics.

Keywords:
DepressionDiagnosisMood disorderMovement disorderNeuropsychiatryParkinson’s disease

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Depression is a common neuropsychiatric condition in movement disorders (MD).
  • Under-recognition of depression in MD patients is a significant clinical challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate brief screening tools for depression in movement disorder (MD) patients.
  • To compare the efficacy of the Emotions Thermometer (ET) and Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy (NDDI-E) against established measures.

Main Methods:

  • Patients with movement disorders (MD) completed the Emotional Thermometer (ET7, ET4), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and NDDI-E.
  • The Major Depression Inventory served as the diagnostic gold standard (ICD-10/DSM-IV).
  • Performance metrics including sensitivity, specificity, and ROC curves were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D) and Depression subscale of the ET (DepT) were most accurate for ICD-10 and DSM-IV diagnoses, respectively.
  • The brief Emotions Thermometer (ET4) demonstrated strong performance as a 'rule-out' tool for both diagnostic criteria.
  • ET4 showed comparable efficacy to HADS but requires no clinician scoring.

Conclusions:

  • The Emotions Thermometer (ET) and NDDI-E are effective and efficient for depression screening in MD populations.
  • The visual analogue ET4 is recommended for routine use due to its brevity and ease of administration.
  • ET4 can be widely implemented in neurology clinics to improve depression detection in MD patients.