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Accurate and Simple Measurement of the Pro-inflammatory Cytokine IL-1β using a Whole Blood Stimulation Assay
Published on: March 1, 2011
How autoinflammation may turn into autoimmune inflammation: Insights from monogenetic and complex IL-1 mediated
N M Ter Haar1, M H A Jansen2, J F Frenkel2
1Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Abstract:
IL-1 mediated auto-inflammatory diseases are characterised by episodes of unexplained fever, generalized and localized inflammation. The characteristic symptoms predominantly result from exaggerated activation of innate immune pathways. However, in some patients with typical IL-1 mediated diseases, chronic disease manifestations develop in the absence of acute inflammation, suggesting the involvement of adaptive immune pathways. We discuss clinical observations as well as novel insights in how chronic activation of innate immune pathways can lead to auto-immune disease features in patients with auto-inflammatory diseases and how we need to better understand these sequelae in order to improve treatment strategies.
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