Tapping into Multi-Faceted Human Behavior and Psychopathology Using fMRI Brain Dynamics

Human behavior comprises many aspects that stand out by their dynamic nature. To quantify its neural underpinnings, time-resolved fMRI methods have blossomed over the past decade. In this review we conceptually organize a broad repertoire of dynamic analytical pipelines and extract general observations on their application to the study of behavior and brain disorders. We aim to provide an extensive overview instead of examining only selected methodological families or specific behavioral domains. We consider behavioral aspects with distinct long-term stability (e.g., physiological state versus personality), and also address selected brain disorders with complementary genetics and symptomatology. This synthesis exposes the somewhat limited consistency of dynamic findings in the literature, as well as the unbalanced application of the multitude of available approaches which would, owing to their technical specificities, have potential to reveal distinct aspects of dynamics. We call for further comparative and collaborative efforts in the future.