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Alternative antimicrobials for prophylaxis of the Group B Streptococcus maternal-fetal disease

Vicente Sperb Antonello1, Jessica Dallé2, Emilly Dall'Oglio3

  • 1Department of Prevention and Infection Control, Hospital Fêmina, Porto Alegre, Brasil. vicente@ghc.com.br.

Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
|July 20, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Cefazolin is an effective alternative to penicillin for preventing Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infections in newborns when standard antibiotics are unavailable. This study found no significant difference in maternal or neonatal outcomes, highlighting cefazolin

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization poses significant risks for maternal and neonatal infections.
  • Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis is crucial for preventing vertical GBS transmission.
  • Temporary unavailability of first-choice antibiotics necessitates evaluating alternative prophylactic regimens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy of cefazolin as a prophylactic agent against GBS disease.
  • To compare cefazolin prophylaxis with standard penicillin-based protocols.
  • To evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with cefazolin use.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of data from January to December 2015.
  • Comparison of outcomes between pregnant women receiving penicillin/ampicillin and those receiving cefazolin.
  • Evaluation of risk factors, maternal, and neonatal outcomes.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were observed in maternal outcomes (RR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.30-1.68; p = 0.709).
  • No significant differences were observed in neonatal outcomes (RR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.61-1.15; p = 0.271).
  • Outcomes were grouped and controlled for potential confounding variables.

Conclusions:

  • Cefazolin demonstrates safety and efficacy as an alternative prophylactic antibiotic for GBS disease.
  • This study supports the use of cefazolin when penicillins are contraindicated or unavailable.
  • Further research on alternative GBS prophylaxis is warranted.
Abstract

Keywords:
Group B streptococcus prophylaxiscefazolinmaternal infectionneonatal infectionpenicillin

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