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Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework
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To composite or replicate: how sampling method and protocol differences alter collected stream invertebrates and

Lusha Tronstad1, Oliver Wilmot2, Darren Thornbrugh3,4

  • 1Wyoming Natural Diversity Database, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA. tronstad@uwyo.edu.

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
|July 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Choosing the right aquatic invertebrate sampling method is key for ecosystem quality assessment. For detecting ecosystem change, replicate samples collected with a Hess sampler are recommended over composite samples or other methods.

Keywords:
Aquatic invertebratesBiomonitoringDipnetHessHester-DendyMethod comparisonStream ecologyStream monitoring

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Ecology
  • Aquatic Biology

Background:

  • Aquatic invertebrates are vital indicators of ecosystem health.
  • Selecting appropriate sampling methods and handling protocols is crucial for accurate bioassessment.
  • Methodological choices can introduce biases affecting ecological interpretations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of different sampling methods (Hester-Dendy, Hess, dipnet) on aquatic invertebrate assemblages.
  • To assess the influence of sample handling (composite vs. replicate) on bioassessment metrics.
  • To determine the optimal sampling strategy for detecting ecosystem change.

Main Methods:

  • Aquatic invertebrates were collected from the Niobrara River using three distinct sampling devices.
  • Samples were processed as both composite (pooled) and replicate (individual) units.
  • Six common bioassessment metrics were calculated and compared across methods and handling protocols.

Main Results:

  • Hess samplers yielded the highest taxonomic richness, while dipnets captured the least.
  • Composite samples inflated richness, diversity, and evenness metrics compared to replicates.
  • Proportional bioassessment metrics (e.g., Hilsenhoff's Biotic Index, EPT proportion) were consistent between composite and replicate samples.

Conclusions:

  • The Hess sampler is recommended for collecting replicate samples when the objective is to detect ecosystem change.
  • Sampling method and sample handling significantly influence certain bioassessment metrics, particularly richness and diversity.
  • Careful consideration of sampling protocols is essential for reliable ecological monitoring and management.