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Related Concept Videos

Milgram's Obedience to Authority02:20

Milgram's Obedience to Authority

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Obedience to authority is classically demonstrated in a more famous series of social psychology experiments performed by Stanley Milgram. He was a social psychology professor at Yale who was influenced by the trial of Adolf Eichmann, a Nazi war criminal. Eichmann’s defense for the atrocities he committed was that he was “just following orders.”
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Steps in Outbreak Investigation01:18

Steps in Outbreak Investigation

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In the ever-evolving field of public health, statistical analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding and managing disease outbreaks. By leveraging various statistical tools, health professionals can predict potential outbreaks, analyze ongoing situations, and devise effective responses to mitigate impact. For that to happen, there are a few possible stages of the analysis:
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Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
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Obedience01:08

Obedience

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According to obedience research, we may harm others under the forceful pressures of an authority figure (Milgram, 1974). How about if the inappropriate orders were delivered with less force? The increasing interdependence between nurses and physicians compelled Hofling and his colleagues to explore nurses’ reactions to a potentially harmful medical request made by the perceived authority figure, the doctor (Hofling, Brotzman, Dalrymple, Graves, & Pierce, 1966). In this situation,...
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Robbers Cave04:49

Robbers Cave

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During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension...
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SBAR II: Application of SBAR01:14

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SBAR is an effective communication tool used by healthcare professionals to communicate patient information accurately. SBAR stands for Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation. For a better understanding, an example is given below.
SBAR Report from a Nurse to a Health Care Provider
S: "Hello, Dr. Smith. This is Jane, RN, from the Med Surg unit. I am calling to tell you about Ms. White in Room 210, who is experiencing increased pain and redness at her incision site. Her recent...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Author Spotlight: Evaluating Clinicians' Adoption of Ultrasound-Guided Vascular Cannulation Through Simulation Training
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Lessons Learned and Experiences Shared From the Front Lines: United Kingdom.

Steven D Wexner1, Delia Cortés-Guiral2, Neil Mortensen3

  • 1443553 Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA.

The American Surgeon
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The COVID-19 pandemic challenged surgical leaders in the UK. Surgeons were mobilized and retrained for critical care, highlighting the need for extensive preparation.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Surgical Leadership and Pandemic Response
  • Global Health Crises and Healthcare Systems

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted surgical practices globally.
  • This interview series features international surgical leaders discussing pandemic challenges.

Discussion:

  • Professor Neil Mortensen coordinated UK Royal Colleges to retrain surgeons for critical care.
  • Lord Ara Darzi facilitated legislative measures to bolster the physician workforce.
  • Both leaders adapted to new roles, emphasizing the critical need for preparedness.

Key Insights:

  • Effective leadership was crucial in mobilizing surgical resources during the pandemic.
  • Interdisciplinary collaboration and retraining were vital for patient care.
  • The pandemic underscored the necessity of proactive and comprehensive preparation in healthcare.

Outlook:

  • Surgical communities must learn from pandemic experiences to enhance future crisis readiness.
  • Continued innovation in surgical training and healthcare policy is essential.
  • Sharing leadership insights can strengthen global surgical resilience.