[Research progress of metabolism reprogramming in regulating macrophage polarization]

Macrophages are important innate immune cells that play essential roles in the inflammatory response. The phenotypic plasticity of macrophages enables them to be polarized into distinct gene phenotypes under different immune microenvironments to regulate the process of inflammation. The study of macrophage metabolic reprogramming aims to clarify the influence of key metabolic pathways on the regulation of different polarization states and related functions of macrophages. This review focuses on the relationship between the four key metabolic pathways [glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, fatty acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism] and the distinct gene phenotypes of macrophages. It also reveals the metabolic regulation of the immune function of macrophage cells thus to provide new ideas and methods for the study of macrophage polarization-related process of inflammation.