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Related Concept Videos

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

6.7K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
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Convergent Evolution01:54

Convergent Evolution

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Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
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Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

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John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
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Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays
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Published on: November 12, 2012

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Comparative genomics approach to evolutionary process connectivity.

Pierre-Alexandre Gagnaire1

  • 1ISEM Univ Montpellier CNRS EPHE IRD Montpellier France.

Evolutionary Applications
|July 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Understanding species connectivity requires integrating life history and historical demography. A comparative genomics framework can link long-term evolutionary history with contemporary genetic connectivity, aiding conservation efforts.

Keywords:
comparative population genomicsconservation and managementdemographic historygenetic connectivitylife history traitswhole‐genome resequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Population genetics
  • Conservation genetics

Background:

  • Species life history traits and historical demography poorly influence contemporary connectivity.
  • Anthropogenic landscape alterations impact evolutionary responses.
  • Genetic connectivity and evolutionary outcomes are shaped by population structure, local adaptation, admixture, and speciation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a comparative genomics framework for a deeper understanding of evolutionary process connectivity.
  • To couple inference of long-term demographic and selective history with assessment of contemporary genetic connectivity.
  • To understand how spatial environmental heterogeneity shapes historical and contemporary connectivity patterns in diverse taxa.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing population genomic studies to reveal species responses to landscapes.
  • Employing multispecies meta-analyses with low-genome coverage data for ecological determinants of connectivity.
  • Developing a comparative genomics framework integrating macro- and micro-evolutionary scales.

Main Results:

  • Population genomic studies show diverse species responses to structured landscapes.
  • Meta-analyses reveal ecological determinants of genetic connectivity, including life history traits.
  • A comparative genomics framework can integrate long-term history with contemporary connectivity.

Conclusions:

  • A comparative genomics framework, using sufficient genome data, can resolve complex evolutionary histories.
  • Standardizing this approach across species can reveal how environmental heterogeneity shapes connectivity.
  • Implementing this framework in varied taxa can improve conservation and management guidelines.