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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
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COVID-19: Progress in diagnostics, therapy and vaccination.

Xue Liu1, Chao Liu2, Gang Liu2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361102, China.

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|July 21, 2020
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Summary

This review covers recent advances in diagnostics, treatments, and vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It aims to guide strategies against the ongoing pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2antiviral therapydiagnostics

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, poses a significant global health and economic threat.
  • Urgent need for effective containment strategies due to rapid virus spread.
  • Existing diagnostic tools aid in early detection and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2.
  • To summarize current therapeutic approaches and drug development for COVID-19.
  • To highlight progress in vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics.
  • Analysis of in vitro and in vivo studies on potential COVID-19 treatments.
  • Survey of ongoing vaccine development pipelines and clinical trials.

Main Results:

  • Multiple diagnostic kits for SARS-CoV-2 are available.
  • Several drugs show in vitro activity, with some having potential clinical benefits.
  • Intensive global efforts are underway for COVID-19 treatments and vaccines, though none are yet approved.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive strategies involving diagnostics, treatments, and vaccines are crucial for pandemic control.
  • Continued research and development are vital to combat the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
  • This review provides insights into current progress to inform future pandemic response efforts.