Ineffective endovascular treatment of a giant internal carotid artery aneurysm

Despite a growing range of therapeutic possibilities, including various intravascular methods, treating cerebral aneurysms can be still a therapeutic challenge. A growing number of patients previously treated with older techniques require additional therapy. Treatment options as well as their efficiency may be influenced by previous procedures.

We report a rare case of a giant treatment-resistant aneurysm in a 65-year-old woman. The aneurysm was first diagnosed due to visual disturbances in the right eye. Computed tomography angiography showed large (20 × 18 mm) wide neck aneurysm of the right internal carotid artery. The patient was subsequently treated with several methods including coiling with regular stent implantation, two flow diverter stent implantations, and hybrid neurosurgery. Full occlusion was not achieved after any of those procedures. After the last procedure (hybrid neurosurgery) the patient, in vegetative state, was transferred to the intensive care unit and then to the Health and Care Centre.

Discussion focuses on endovascular treatment options after failure of previous treatment such as "stent in stent" technique. We conclude that three subsequent stent implantations are technically possible; however, subsequent procedures are associated with technical difficulties and their effectiveness is questionable. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt may influence the outcome of flow diversion therapy.