Acquired factor V inhibitors after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a dog

Describe the clinical course and management of a dog that underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for treatment of B-cell lymphoma and developed acquired circulating factor V (FV) inhibitors.

An 8-year-old male castrated Briard dog diagnosed with lymphoma (IVb, B-cell) presented for allogeneic HSCT. Despite multiple platelet, fresh frozen plasma, and red blood cell transfusions prolonged recovery and clinical bleeding occurred. Circulating acquired FV inhibitors were identified and hemorrhage subsequently was managed by immunosuppression. The dog was discharged when clinical resolution of bleeding was achieved.

This case report describes a dog undergoing curative intent treatment for lymphoma, and subsequently acquiring factor inhibition, and was successfully managed. Specific coagulation screening to assess for coagulation factor deficiencies or inhibitors is essential in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with refractory bleeding or only transient response to blood transfusion.