Intracellular interplay between cholecystokinin and leptin signalling for satiety control in rats

Cholecystokinin (CCK) and leptin are satiety-controlling peptides, yet their interactive roles remain unclear. Here, we addressed this issue using in vitro and in vivo models. In rat C6 glioma cells, leptin pre-treatment enhanced Ca²⁺ mobilization by a CCK agonist (CCK-8s). This leptin action was reduced by Janus kinase inhibitor (AG490) or PI3-kinase inhibitor (LY294002). Meanwhile, leptin stimulation alone failed to mobilize Ca²⁺ even in cells overexpressing leptin receptors (C6-ObRb). Leptin increased nuclear immunoreactivity against phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) whereas CCK-8s reduced leptin-induced nuclear pSTAT3 accumulation in these cells. In the rat ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), leptin-induced action potential firing was enhanced, whereas nuclear pSTAT3 was reduced by co-stimulation with CCK-8s. To further analyse in vivo signalling interplay, a CCK-1 antagonist (lorglumide) was intraperitoneally injected in rats following 1-h restricted feeding. Food access was increased 3-h after lorglumide injection. At this timepoint, nuclear pSTAT3 was increased whereas c-Fos was decreased in the VMH. Taken together, these results suggest that leptin and CCK receptors may both contribute to short-term satiety, and leptin could positively modulate CCK signalling. Notably, nuclear pSTAT3 levels in this experimental paradigm were negatively correlated with satiety levels, contrary to the generally described transcriptional regulation for long-term satiety via leptin receptors.