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Olfaction01:25

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Particle deposition and sensory drive.

Stephanie A Poindexter1,2, Eva C Garrett2

  • 1Anthropology Department, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA.

Evolutionary Anthropology
|July 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Investigating airborne chemical cues and primate olfaction reveals species-specific adaptations. Particle deposition in the nasal cavity offers new insights into how environments drive biological changes for communication, with applications in evolutionary anthropology.

Keywords:
morphologynasal cavityolfactory cuesperceptual tuning

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Anthropology
  • Olfactory Neuroscience
  • Bioengineering

Background:

  • Primate olfaction is shaped by airborne chemical cues, demonstrating species-specific adaptations.
  • Particle deposition within the nasal cavity is crucial for olfactory function and has implications for health and drug delivery.
  • Understanding particle transport is key to comprehending how environmental factors influence biological communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore particle deposition in the primate nasal cavity as a mechanism for understanding environmental influences on olfactory communication.
  • To connect research on particle deposition and sensory drive with applications in evolutionary anthropology.
  • To investigate how biological changes enable efficient communication through olfactory pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing 3D models of nasal cavities to simulate airflow and particle deposition.
  • Employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis to model particle transport.
  • Analyzing deposition sites within the nasal cavity to assess particle reach to the main olfactory epithelium.

Main Results:

  • Simulations can identify specific sites of particle deposition within the nasal cavity.
  • Computational models allow for the determination of particle pathways to the olfactory epithelium.
  • This approach provides a framework for understanding olfactory adaptations in response to environmental pressures.

Conclusions:

  • Particle deposition research, combined with sensory drive principles, offers novel perspectives for evolutionary anthropology.
  • The study highlights the importance of nasal cavity structure in mediating olfactory communication.
  • This interdisciplinary approach can illuminate how environmental pressures have shaped primate olfactory systems over evolutionary time.