Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Protein Transport to the Stroma

Protein Transport to the Stroma

Chloroplasts are triple membrane structures with an outer membrane, an inner membrane, and a thylakoid membrane, each containing distinct metabolite transporters, membrane translocons, and enzymes. Appropriate sorting and translocating these proteins to their correct membrane systems is essential for chloroplast function.
Protein complexes called the translocon of the outer chloroplast membrane or TOC complex, and the translocon of the inner chloroplast membrane or TIC complex mediate the...

Yeast Signaling

Yeast Signaling

Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...

Meristems and Plant Growth

Meristems and Plant Growth

Plants grow throughout their lives; this is called indeterminate growth, and it distinguishes plants from most animals. Although certain parts of plants stop growing (e.g., leaves and flowers), others grow continuously—like roots and stems.

Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte

Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte

Seed structures are composed of a protective seed coat surrounding a plant embryo, and a food store for the developing embryo. The embryo contains the precursor tissues for leaves, stem, and roots. The endosperm and cotyledons—seed leaves—act as the food reserves for the growing embryo.

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition

Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

GDSL lipase complex ZmMS30/IPE2 coordinates fatty acid and phenylpropanoid metabolism to ensure exine foot layer formation in maize.

Science bulletin·2026

Same author

Steering the microbial ecosystem: how ethanol boosts coalbed methane output.

AMB Express·2026

Same author

FVE and HDA9 form a complex to promote thermomorphogenesis by reducing H2A.Z deposition through histone deacetylation.

The Plant cell·2026

Same author

A plant histone H3.3-specific amino acid safeguards the deposition of H3K36 methylation for proper development and stress responses.

Developmental cell·2026

Same author

Targeted editing of H3K27me3 reveals its significance in the photoperiodic control of FLOWERING LOCUS T.

Plant physiology·2025

Same author

Decades' progress and prospects on maize functional genomics and molecular breeding.

Science China. Life sciences·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis

Published on: July 23, 2014

Maize YSL2 is required for iron distribution and development in kernels.

Jie Zang^1,2, Yanqing Huo^1,2, Jie Liu¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Journal of Experimental Botany

|July 21, 2020

Summary

A novel maize gene, ZmYSL2, is crucial for iron (Fe) transport from the endosperm to the embryo during kernel development. Its dysfunction impacts iron homeostasis, nutrient deposition, and mitochondrial function in the seed.

Keywords:

Fe ZmYSL2 kernel development maize protein starch

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Improved Methods for Preparing Transverse Sections and Unrolled Whole Mounts of Maize Leaf Primordia for Fluorescence and Confocal Imaging

Author Spotlight: Improved Methods for Preparing Transverse Sections and Unrolled Whole Mounts of Maize Leaf Primordia for Fluorescence and Confocal Imaging

Published on: September 22, 2023

Author Spotlight: Investigating Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms in Maize

Author Spotlight: Investigating Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms in Maize

Published on: September 15, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis

Published on: July 23, 2014

Author Spotlight: Improved Methods for Preparing Transverse Sections and Unrolled Whole Mounts of Maize Leaf Primordia for Fluorescence and Confocal Imaging

Author Spotlight: Improved Methods for Preparing Transverse Sections and Unrolled Whole Mounts of Maize Leaf Primordia for Fluorescence and Confocal Imaging

Published on: September 22, 2023

Author Spotlight: Investigating Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms in Maize

Author Spotlight: Investigating Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms in Maize

Published on: September 15, 2023

Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Molecular Genetics
Nutrient Transport

Background:

Iron (Fe) is vital for plant growth, yet its translocation within seeds remains poorly understood.
Understanding Fe movement is key to improving crop yield and nutritional value.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the role of the novel maize mutant yellow stripe like 2 (ysl2) in iron translocation.
To elucidate the molecular mechanism of Fe distribution within the maize kernel.

Main Methods:

Characterization of the ysl2 mutant in maize (Zea mays).
Analysis of ZmYSL2 gene expression and protein localization.
Assessment of Fe transport activity and kernel development phenotypes.

Main Results:

ZmYSL2 encodes a plasma membrane-localized transporter mediating Fe movement from endosperm to embryo.
ys/2 mutants exhibit disrupted Fe homeostasis, protein, and starch accumulation.
Mitochondrial function, including Fe-S cluster content and morphology, is impaired in ysl2 mutants.

Conclusions:

ZmYSL2 plays a critical role in maize kernel development by regulating Fe distribution.
The study highlights the importance of ZmYSL2 in maintaining Fe homeostasis and supporting essential metabolic processes within the seed.