Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Peptidoglycan Synthesis

Peptidoglycan Synthesis

Structure of PeptidoglycanPeptidoglycan is a vital structural component of the bacterial cell wall, providing mechanical strength and shape to the cell. It consists of repeating units of two sugars—N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)—linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. These sugar chains are cross-linked by short peptide chains, forming a mesh-like polymer that surrounds the bacterial plasma membrane.Cytoplasmic Phase – Precursor SynthesisPeptidoglycan...

Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis

Overview
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the addition of water breaks down a polymer into its simpler monomer units. For example, peptides break into amino acids, carbohydrates into simple sugars, and DNA into nucleotides. Enzymes often facilitate these processes.
Hydrolysis Reverses Dehydration Synthesis
Complex carbohydrates can be broken down by breaking the bonds between individual sugar units. The reaction breaks a glycosidic bond as water is added to the compound. The...

Formation of Lipopolysaccharides

Formation of Lipopolysaccharides

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are crucial components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, serving both structural and functional roles. It contributes to membrane stability and protects bacteria from host immune responses. LPS is composed of three major regions—lipid A, a core oligosaccharide, and an O antigen. The biosynthesis and assembly of LPS involve a highly coordinated set of enzymatic reactions and transport mechanisms. Additionally, LPS is recognized as an endotoxin,...

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Comprehensive evaluation and guidance of structural variation detection tools in chicken whole genome sequence data.

BMC genomics·2024

Same author

Multiple diffusion models-enhanced extremely limited-view reconstruction strategy for photoacoustic tomography boosted by multi-scale priors.

Photoacoustics·2024

Same author

Regulated anion configuration enables ultrafast Li-ion transport.

Nature chemistry·2024

Same author

Tremella aurantialba polysaccharides alleviate ulcerative colitis in mice by improving intestinal barrier via modulating gut microbiota and inhibiting ferroptosis.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2024

Same author

A biomimetic targeted nanosystem delivering synergistic inhibitors for glioblastoma immune microenvironment reprogramming and treatment.

Materials today. Bio·2024

Same author

Efficient proximal tubule-on-chip model from hiPSC-derived kidney organoids for functional analysis of renal transporters.

iScience·2024

Same journal

Two distinct sulfated O-polysaccharides from the marine bacterium Vibrio sp. KMM 9700: Genomic prediction and structural elucidation.

Carbohydrate research·2026

Same journal

Binding evaluation of poacic acid for fungal cell-wall glycans and β-1,3-glucooligosaccharides.

Carbohydrate research·2026

Same journal

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of unusual antibody glycoforms using E. coli expressed human and bovine β-1,4-galactosyltransferase and their mutants.

Carbohydrate research·2026

Same journal

Bioactive 13,28-oxidooleanane-type saponins from Measa kamerunensis Merk.

Carbohydrate research·2026

Same journal

Stereoselective synthesis of 1,2-annulated C-glycosides via palladium-catalyzed intramolecular annulation of C-aryl glycosides.

Carbohydrate research·2026

Same journal

A review of Ganoderma lucidum spore polysaccharides: Sources, characteristics, properties, food, and health products applications.

Carbohydrate research·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092

Published on: October 2, 2017

Enzymatic depolymerization of streptococcus pneumoniae type 8 polysaccharide.

Ding Liu¹, Jiabin Zhang¹, He Zhu¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, United States.

Carbohydrate Research

|July 21, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study enzymatically characterized the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) structure of fatal Streptococcus pneumoniae type 8 (Pn8P). This research provides the first enzymatic depolymerization and structural analysis of Pn8P.

Keywords:

Heparinase Mass spectrometry NMR Pneumococcal polysaccharide Size exclusion chromatography Vaccine

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Masarimycin, a Small Molecule Inhibitor of Gram-Positive Bacterial Growth

Synthesis of Masarimycin, a Small Molecule Inhibitor of Gram-Positive Bacterial Growth

Published on: January 7, 2022

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43

Published on: September 11, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092

Published on: October 2, 2017

Synthesis of Masarimycin, a Small Molecule Inhibitor of Gram-Positive Bacterial Growth

Synthesis of Masarimycin, a Small Molecule Inhibitor of Gram-Positive Bacterial Growth

Published on: January 7, 2022

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43

Published on: September 11, 2020

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Biochemistry
Structural Biology

Background:

Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a leading cause of infectious disease globally.
Capsular polysaccharides (CPS) are crucial for pneumococcal colonization and virulence.
Type 8 Streptococcus pneumoniae is a particularly virulent and fatal serotype.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) structure of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 8.
To investigate enzymatic depolymerization methods for pneumococcal polysaccharides.

Main Methods:

Enzymatic digestion of pneumococcal type 8 polysaccharide (Pn8P) using heparinase I and III.
Characterization of generated oligosaccharides via size exclusion chromatography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance.

Main Results:

Successful enzymatic depolymerization of Pn8P was achieved.
Oligosaccharides resulting from enzymatic digestion were structurally characterized.
This marks the first instance of enzymatic depolymerization and characterization of Pn8P.

Conclusions:

Enzymatic depolymerization is a viable method for analyzing Pn8P structure.
Detailed structural insights into Pn8P were obtained.
This study lays the groundwork for further research into this highly virulent pneumococcal serotype.