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Human evolutionary history in Eastern Eurasia using insights from ancient DNA.

Ming Zhang1, Qiaomei Fu1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
|July 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Ancient DNA studies reveal diverse prehistoric populations in Eastern Eurasia. Subsequent migrations during the Holocene significantly reshaped East Asian genetic landscapes, particularly southward movements.

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Area of Science:

  • Paleogenomics
  • Human Evolutionary Studies
  • Population Genetics

Background:

  • Ancient genomics offers novel perspectives on human history.
  • This review focuses on ancient DNA studies in Eastern Eurasia from the Upper Pleistocene to the Holocene.
  • Understanding prehistoric population dynamics is key to reconstructing human migration patterns.

Observation:

  • During the Upper Pleistocene, Eastern Eurasia hosted diverse populations, some unrelated to modern groups, others ancestral to East Asians and Native Americans.
  • The Holocene epoch witnessed significant genetic shifts across East Asia due to multiple migrations.
  • Key Holocene migrations included southward movements of northern East Asian ancestry into southern East Asia.

Findings:

  • East Asian ancestry spread into Southeast Asia, admixing with Basal Asian populations.
  • Austronesian expansion facilitated the movement of southern East Asian ancestry to Southeast Asian islands and the Southwest Pacific.
  • Genetic continuity and discontinuity were observed between ancient and modern East Asian populations.

Implications:

  • Ancient DNA research is crucial for detailing the peopling of Eastern Eurasia.
  • Future ancient DNA discoveries will further refine our understanding of East Asian genetic history.
  • This work highlights the complex migratory history and admixture events that shaped contemporary East Asian populations.