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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Stable and charge-switchable quantum batteries.

Alan C Santos1, Andreia Saguia1, Marcelo S Sarandy1

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Summary
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This study introduces a novel quantum battery design with controllable energy transfer and stable discharge. It ensures energy retention without leakage and prevents energy revivals during discharge for efficient quantum energy storage.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Quantum energy storage
  • Quantum thermodynamics

Background:

  • Loss-free quantum batteries require controlled energy transfer and stable discharge.
  • Existing quantum battery designs face challenges in retaining energy and preventing unwanted energy revivals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a scalable solution for loss-free quantum batteries.
  • To introduce a general design for quantum batteries based on an energy current (EC) observable.
  • To demonstrate mechanisms for energy trapping and stable discharge.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of an instantaneous energy current (EC) operator.
  • Utilizing a common eigenstate between the EC operator and interaction Hamiltonian for energy trapping.
  • Employing adiabatic evolution to achieve asymptotically stable discharge.
  • Illustrating the design in quantum spin chains using Bell pairwise entanglement.

Main Results:

  • A mechanism for indefinitely retaining energy in a quantum battery, even when coupled to a consumption hub.
  • An asymptotically stable discharge mechanism that results in vanishing energy current.
  • Demonstration of energy trapping via Bell pairwise entanglement in quantum spin chains.
  • Adiabatic spin dynamics leading to stable energy discharge.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed quantum battery design offers a scalable solution for both energy retention and stable discharge.
  • The energy current observable provides a versatile tool for controlling quantum battery operations.
  • The findings pave the way for practical quantum energy storage devices.