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Related Concept Videos

Molecular Shapes01:18

Molecular Shapes

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Molecules have characteristic shapes that are crucial for their function. The arrangement of various electron groups around the central atom dictates their molecular geometry. Electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes repulsions between the electron pairs by maximizing the distance between them. The valence electrons form either bonding pairs, located primarily between bonded atoms, or lone pairs.
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At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
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Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
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Rodlike molecules in extreme confinement.

Xiaomei Yao1, Jeff Z Y Chen2

  • 1School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.

Physical Review. E
|July 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rigid molecules in confined spaces like nanodevices exhibit unique orientational ordering and density changes. New models reveal unusual liquid-crystal defect structures in annular confinement, differing from weaker confinement patterns.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Colloid particles and biopolymers possess intrinsic rigidity at the molecular level.
  • Extreme confinement (cellular scales, nanodevices) induces orientational ordering and density depletion in these molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address limitations of conventional liquid-crystal theories in capturing molecular-level properties under extreme confinement.
  • To investigate the behavior of rodlike molecules in extreme annular confinement.

Main Methods:

  • Interpretation of the Onsager model for rodlike molecules.
  • Analysis of molecular behavior under extreme annular confinement.

Main Results:

  • Rodlike molecules in extreme annular confinement display unusual liquid-crystal defect structures.
  • These structures represent independent phases distinct from those observed in weaker confinement.

Conclusions:

  • The Onsager model provides insights into molecular behavior in extreme confinement.
  • Extreme annular confinement leads to novel liquid-crystal phase behaviors not predicted by traditional theories.